junagadh inscription is related to which king

Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman - Wikiwand Junagadh Rock Inscription - Art and Culture Notes - Prepp Coin of Skandagupta Kramaditya with facing Garuda. Junagadh has 194,196 registered voters, of which 100,050 are male and 94,146 female. [20] Nehru laid out India's position which was that India did not accept Junagadh's accession to Pakistan. The last of the faujdars was Sherkhan Babi, who became independent and assumed the title of Nawab Bahadur Khan. Purugupta ascended the throne after Skandagupta. Satakarni II was the 6th king in the Satavahana dynasty and he was the longest reigning king i.e. Cell-phone coverage is extensive and the main service providers are Vodafone, B.S.N.L., Airtel, Idea, and Tata Docomo. [27][28], The news article Dainik Jagran claimed that the popular movie Baahubali 2: The Conclusion was based on Skandagupta's life.[29]. [45], Only 15 percent (21,606) of Junagadh's Muslim population voted while 30 percent (179,851) of the non-Muslim population voted. As per the legend, the founder of the Ror DynastyRaja Dhaj,Ror Kumar,alias Rai Dyach, ruled over the principality of Jhunagarh in the fifth century BC. . The princely state was surrounded on all of its land borders by India, with an outlet onto the Arabian Sea. Skandagupta appears to have died heirless, or his son may have been dethroned by Purugupta's family. . Junagadh is about 327 km from Ahmadabad. Diwan Bhutto waited till November for Pakistan to send help, but none came. Rudradaman I (r. 130-150) was a Shaka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty. 2. The first is the Girnar Prasasti, a eulogy in praise of the Sudarshan Lake, by Mahakshatrap . On 26 October, the nawab and his family fled to Pakistan following clashes between Junagadhi and Indian troops. [40], After India assumed administration in Junagadh, India's Ministry of Law stated that the accession of Junagadh to Pakistan had not been invalidated by plebiscite and that Junagadh had not yet acceded to India. The inscription mentions the extent of Rudradamans territory, which included Malwa, Gujarat, parts of Sindh and Western Maharashtra. Groundwater supply is widely available in the city, with wells throughout. [35], The religions represented in Junagadh includes Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Christians, and Buddhists. Skandagupta' s Junagarh inscription provides information on: According to the inscription on his Bhitari pillar, he restored Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who could have been rebels or foreign invaders. With whom is 'Junagarh Rock Inscription' associated - Examveda Willingdon Dam, Hasnapur Dam, and Anandpur Weir are the main water sources for the city. At Girnar, these 14 major rock edicts occupy the north-east part of the rock, in two columns, separated by straight lines. It was inscribed by western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I.Which of the above statements is/are correct?a)1 Onlyb)2 Onlyc)Both 1 and 2d)Neither 1 nor 2Correct answer is . . [14], The Bhitari pillar inscription states that Skandagupta defeated the Hunas:[14], (Skandagupta), "by whose two arms the earth was shaken, when he, the creator (of a disturbance like that) of a terrible whirlpool, joined in close conflict with the Hnas; . Junagadh has one state-assembly constituency. In January 2004, Junagadh city increased its area from 13.47 square kilometres (5.20sqmi) to 57 square kilometres (22sqmi) by annexing eight grampanchayats and one municipality. Rulers of other neighbouring states reacted angrily, sent troops to the Junagadh frontier, and appealed to the government of India for assistance. Beattie and Chowdhury (1996) noted about the Edict Rock, that: Those who make the long trip to Junagadh, venturing out to the far western edge of India, usually come to see the most ancient of Junagadhs historical monuments: the Asokan Edicts. According to tradition, the dynasty is said to have been founded in the late 9th century by Chudachandra. The Junagadh inscription mentions the restoration of the embankment of Sudarshana Lake. Pakistan brought the case of Junagadh to the United Nations in January 1948. This page was last edited on 8 July 2023, at 10:09. ), a state-run electricity company, provides electric power. He erected a pillar of victory surmounted by the statue of God Vishnu. 99.95% of the population voted to join India. Still, Rudradaman ordered that it be rebuilt. . 10 Nov 1947 Rescinds accession to Pakistan, accedes to India. This Question Belongs to History >> Mauryan Empire. . ", The date of the Huna invasion is not certain. [22] His silver coins are of four types: Garuda type, Bull type, Altar type and Madhyadesha type. He also generously bestowed people with gifts. [45] In the plebiscite India polled 222,184 votes and Pakistan 130 out of a total population of 720,000 of Junagadh and its feudatories. [24] A plebiscite was conducted in February 1948, but it was not internationally monitored. [4] For example, Skandagupta's Bhitari pillar inscription lists the chief queens (mahadevis) of his ancestors Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II, but does not mention the chief queen of his father Kumaragupta. Answer: (A) The Junagadh rock inscription, found in Junagadh, was carved under the orders of King Rudradaman, who had obtained the title of Mahakshatrapa. The rock has a circumference of seven metres (23ft), a height of ten metres (33ft), and bears inscriptions in Brhm script etched with an iron pen. One of the Kanhri inscriptions2 mentions a aka princess of the Krdamaka family and a daughter of . . But the vote was largely in favour of India with 190,870 people voting to join India and only 91 voting in favour of Pakistan. [23][48] Pakistan's official maps show Junagadh, Manavadar and Sir Creek as Pakistani territory. The most eloquent testimony to his reign is the Junagadh inscription dated around the Saka year 72 i.e. Interestingly, this edict is also the earliest reference to the Chola dynasty. He also built another temple overlooking the town. [46], After six months administration by Government of India, three civilian members (Samaldas Gandhi, Dayashankar Dave and Pushpaben Mehta) were inducted for the administration of Junagadh on 1 June 1948. Ashoka condemned and prohibited animal sacrifice. He conquered Madhya Pradesh and ruled there. A small community of African origin, known as "Siddis", resides in and around the Gir Sanctuary, but some of them have moved to the city. The city has several lakes: Narsinh Mehta Sarovar, Damodarji, Sudarshan Lake, etc. [citation needed], Junagadh boasts of some of the best tourist destinations in the state, so tourism is considered to be a progressing sector. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over the region soon after. 56 years. Girnar Rock Inscriptions and The Stories They Tell - PeepulTree On this occasion he left his son Inayat Ullah as faujdar at Junagadh while he himself conducted the government of Gujarat from its capital, Ahmedabad. At the foothills of the Girnar range is the city of Junagadh, with a history of 2,300 years. The Girnar inscription of Rudradaman I (reign circa 130 CE) is the first elaborate inscription in the Sanskrit language, in the Brahmi script. He issued the Lion type coins. It holds a key position in understanding the history of ancient India. The inscription is dated to shortly after 150 CE. There are also the Khapra Kodia Caves north of the fort, and the Bava Pyara Caves south of the fort. At some point in his reign, Skandagupta revalued his currency, switching from the old dinar standard to a new suvarna standard that weighed approximately 9.2gm. In ancient times, lakes were one of the main sources of irrigation, and Sudarshana Lake was an important water body in the Saurashtra region in Gujarat. Key Points The Junagadh rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, Ashoka and Rudradaman, has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. [4] An early structure, Uparkot Fort, is located on a plateau in the middle of town. To the east are the Uparkot, an old Hindu citadel; Buddhist caves dating from the 3rd century bce; and the edicts (carved on stone) of the Mauryan . Photography is forbidden without a permit from the Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Again, it is not clear if these were actual qualifications required to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta. . In the summer months, temperatures range from 28 to 38C (82 to 100F). At a later date, also during Skandaguptas reign, Chakrapalita constructed a temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu on Urjayat (Girnar) Hill. Junagadh City Bypass on NH8D obviates the need for through-traffic to enter the city. [41] The Mayor, Deputy Mayor has terms of 2 and a half years. Junagadh's population of 320,250 requires 30million litres (6,600,000impgal; 7,900,000USgal) of water per day, which is supplied through 25,000 tap connections to three major surface water sources, namely Aanandpur Weir, Hasanapur Dam, and Wellingdon Dam, as well as to 32 wells. In about 1664, he conquered Navanagar and annexed it to the imperial domain. On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged with Bombay State. While the majority of the seats went to the INC, the BJP candidates received more votes: 134,739, or 45.62% of the total, the INC receiving 120,533, 40.81%. . Similarly, Rich (2008, page 16) said that it is: one of the most extraordinary written records in India, and indeed in all of history. Jamindar (1983) was another who stressed the significance of this edict rock: This rock, known as Asokan rock, can rightly be called the treasure house of Indian Epigraphy. Satavahana Dynasty - Introduction, History, Rulers, FAQs Others are Hindi and Sindhi. During the period just before the independence and partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the 562 princely states that had existed outside British India, but under British suzerainty, were given the choice of acceding to either India or Pakistan, or to remaining apart. The most famous were (1) Mirzah Isa Tarkhan (2) Kutb ud din Kheshgi, and (3) Sardarkhan. A group of Junagadhis, led by Samaldas Gandhi, formed a government-in-exile, the Aarzi Hukumat ("temporary government"). ", The victory against the mlechchhas happened in or before the year 136 of the Gupta era (c.455-456 CE), when Skandagupta ascended the throne and when he appointed Parnadatta as the governor of the Saurashtra region, in which Junagadh is located. His Essays on Indian antiquities, historic, numismatic, and palaeographic, of the late James Prinsep to which are added his useful tables illustrative of Indian history, chronology, modern coinages, weight measures, etc were edited by E Thomas, and published in, Very good concepts and all things about it ashoka s rock edict, Your email address will not be published. info)) is the city and headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat. After the fall of the Western Kshatrapas, the region came under Gupta rule. After the announcement by the last Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, on 3 June 1947, of the intention to partition British India, the British parliament passed the Indian Independence Act 1947 on 18 July 1947. PDF UPSC NOTES - Byju's Tatarkhan Ghori was left at Junagadh by Malik Eiaz who himself resided at Diu. This will boost the establishment of agro-biotech industries in the district. The first thanadar was Tatar Khan, an adopted son of the Sultan and after him Mirza Khalil, the eldest son of the Sultan who afterwards succeeded him under the title of Sultan Muzaffar. His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. The Bava Pyara caves contain artworks of both Buddhism and Jainism. PDF Component-I (A) Personal details - INFLIBNET Centre The Junagadh Municipal Corporation has 17 wards and total of 51 seats. Junagarh Inscription LotusArise [51], The people of Junagadh celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. [49] The zoo also has museum of natural history. We would be glad to discuss this question and allied matters affecting Junagadh with representatives of your Government at the earliest possible moment convenient to you. A c. 460-461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings. However, during the reign of Rudradaman I, a terrible storm damaged trees, hilltops, gates and homes. . Girnar Edict and Inscription Rock Open 09.00-13.00, 14.00-18.00, daily. [citation needed] The present old-town, developed during the 19th and 20th centuries, constituted one of those princely states. This theory is based on the following points:[9], Another argument cited in favour of the disputed succession theory is that the records of the subsequent Gupta kings omit Skandagupta's name from the royal genealogy, listing Purugupta's name after that of Kumaragupta. Fleet . Rapson (1914, page 149) said of the Girnar Edict Rock that it: is without question one of the most interesting and valuable of all historical monuments. He ruled around 70 to 60 BC. The Junagadh inscription, which dates to roughly the Saka year 72, or 150-51 CE, is the most powerful testament to his reign. The Maqbaras and numerous age-old palaces in Junagadh tell the story of its rich historical and architectural past. [35] Nawab's soldiers were disarmed, with Diwan Bhutto leaving for Pakistan a day before. Evidently, it was not a constitutional requirement, only a political one. These were issued in 257-256 BCE. Girnar Rock Edict, Junagadh - Rana Safvi The bardic legends differ very much in the names, order, and numbers of early rulers; so they are not considered reliable. In 1960, Bombay state was split into the linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, in which Junagadh was located. Agrawal further argues that the Bhitari inscription is a prashasti aimed at glorifying the king, and its composer would not have made a derogatory insinuation about the low status of the king's mother. According to Anonymous (1906, page 12): during the year 190405 the Junagadh Darbar spent Rs. A turning point in Ashokas life was the gruesome Kalinga war that he fought. [17] It is not clear if the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king, or his actions after a political turmoil resulting from a war of succession or invasion. He also sent envoys to the Greek king Antiochus, the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king Magas of Cyrene in North Africa, Antigonus Gonatas of Macedonia and Alexander of Corinth. He is also credited with construction of the stepwells Navghan Kuvo and Adi Kadi Vav in the fort. It is in Gujarat, India, near Girnar Hill, near Junagarh. Skandaguptas Inscription 224 These events are recorded in contemporary and later Jain chronicles. English and Gujarati are the predominant languages of instruction. The inscription tells us that Rudradaman . [15], A sentence in the Sanskrit text Chandra-Vyakarana (c.7th century) states Ajayad-Gupto Hunan, literally, "The Gupta conquered the Hunas". Vallabhbhai Patel offered Pakistan time to reverse its acceptance of the accession and to hold a plebiscite in Junagadh. The waste is collected by deploying 400 wheel barrows (six containers) as per supreme court guidelines and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) rule 2000. The state government has sanctioned the development of a Circuit Tourism project at Junagadh.[48]. Chakrapalita is said to have spent an "immeasurable" amount of wealth to build an embankment, and is also credited with the construction of a Vishnu temple. The Gupta period saw the production of long and elaborate Sanskrit praastis inscribed on stone for the first time after the pioneering inscription of the . . Location, Script and Language. In the 2009 municipal elections the INC won 26 seats, BJP 21 seats, BSP 3 seats and 1 went to an independent. Based on the content and the surface on which they are engraved, Ashokan edicts are classified as minor rock edicts, a total of 14 major rock edicts and 7 major pillar edicts, minor pillar edicts and cave inscriptions. Kara-pana Revenue or cess collected in cash/coins. Junagadh Inscription of Rudradaman; Ayodhya Inscription of Dhanadeva; Jogimara Cave Inscription; Related documents. About 2 km from the Girnar inscriptions is the 2,300-year-old Uparkot Fort built during the reign of Ashokas grandfather, Chandragupta Maurya (321-297 BCE), founder of the Mauryan dynasty. Meanwhile, a study case of India regarding Junagadh was made in the international opinion through press communiques that provided information on Junagadh's geographical contiguity to Indian landscape and its demographics. [citation needed] Nehru laid out India's position which was that India did not accept Junagadh's accession to Pakistan. For this latter building Colonel Sealy, the Alienation Settlement Officer, Junagadh State, laid the foundation stone (Anonymous 1900). [3], Many scholars read the name of the enemies mentioned in the Bhitari inscription as "Pushyamitras", who according to the Puranas, were a tribe, and probably ruled an area located on the banks of the Narmada River. The Girnar ropeway is a aerial tramway located in Bhavnath locality of Junagadh city. [50], About 2 kilometres (1.2mi) east of Junagadh and 3 kilometres (1.9mi) west of the foot of Girnar Hill is an edict of Emperor Ashoka, inscribed on an uneven rock and dating from the 3rd century BC. [30][23] India later at the UN Security Council denied ever having supported the provisional government. This helped in the understanding of ancient Indian dynasties, which had been largely forgotten by then. The close proximity of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Cambay affect the climate. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. [15], After the accession of Sultan Muzafar, and indeed during the latter part of Sultan Mahmud's reign, the seat of government was removed from Junagadh to Diu owing to the importance of that island as a naval station and to check the ravages of the Portuguese. The total number of voters on electoral rolls was 200, 569 and less than 10,000 Muslims voted for India. . [15], The first faujdar of Junagad was Naurang Khan and, next, Syad Kasim. Baba Pyara caves Khapra Kodiya Caves Junagarh Junagadh is quite an old town. On the return of Emperor Akbar to Agra in 1573, after the defeat and death of Muhammad Husain Mirzah and Ikhtiyar ul Mulk, he gave orders that Sorath should be conquered from Aminkhan Ghori. Archaeological Survey of India 2000, 2003). Junagadh has a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (BSh), with two distinct seasons: a dry season from October to May, and a wet season from June to September. The inscription was written about the year 150 CE. After a brief struggle between India and Pakistan, Junagadh voted to join India in a plebiscite held on 20 February 1948. The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. But India went ahead with the referendum because it believed the result would be in its favour. [2] The effective literacy rate was 88%; male literacy was 92.46% and female literacy was 83.38%. On the same rock were also engraved two subsequent inscriptions, each by a significant king of India. The Gupta empire held sway over much of the northern part of the subcontinent in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. It was inscribed by the Western Kshatrap King, Rudradaman I. Temporary government) of the people of Junagadh. Location, Script and Language : The government of India rejected the protests of Pakistan and accepted the invitation of the dewan to intervene. However, an alternative interpretation of the inscription reads "Yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of "Pushyamitras". [8], Based on the inscription, some scholars have theorised that Devaki was the name of his mother. In 1350, Junagadh was conquered by Muhammad bin Tughluq with the help and forces of Koli chieftain Jesaji (Jesing) from Ra Khengar. The zoo provides purebred Asiatic lions for the Indian and international critically endangered species captive breeding programs. [53] The Girnar Parikrama is also organized annually. In 1960, in consequence of the Maha Gujarat movement, it became part of the newly formed Gujarat state. This theory is based on the fact that Skandagputa's inscriptions mention the name of his father, but not of his mother. In 1525, Khengar was succeeded by his son Noghan. The Junagadh inscription states that after his father's death, Skandagupta became "the ruler of the earth" by his own prowess. [38], Reports arrived of widespread murder, rape and looting of Muslims in Junagarh following the arrival of Indian troops. [16] Mountbatten's contention was that only states bordering Pakistan should accede to it. Bhutto requested the regional commissioner for administrative assistance "pending an honourable settlement of the several issues involved in Junagadh's accession." Rudradamans Inscription 219 The Junagadh inscription, dated to the Gupta era's year 138 (c. 457- 458 CE), mentions Skandagupta's victory over the mlechchhas (foreigners). [32] The blockade compelled the state's ruler to leave for Pakistan,[34] who left the state's administration to Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto. The main economic sectors are the mineral-based cement industry, agriculture-based industries, and the power sector. Junagadh was a princely state of the British Raj, located in what is now the Indian state of Gujarat. [29], The five member ministry of Aarzi Hakumat went to Rajkot. The city is home to Junagadh Agricultural University. Sanjeev Kumar (2017). Regional parties active in Junagadh are the Mahagujarat Janta Party, the Samata Party, and the Republic Party of India. There are Tibetan migrants who practice Buddhism. Patil Amruta Mar 31, 2023 Rudradaman I (130-150AD), a Saka monarch from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty, was a Saka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty. [23] The initial gold coinage was on the old weight standard used by his father Kumaragupta of approximately 8.4gm. [52], The Shivaratri Mela is organized at the foot of Mount Girnar (Talati) in the month of Maha (9th day of the month of Maagha). A plebiscite was conducted in December, in which approximately 99.95% of the people chose India over Pakistan. [3] Jagannath Agrawal theorizes that the composer of the inscription deliberately departed from convention and devoted a line to the king's mother: this was not because of the inferior status of the mother. The earliest of these inscriptions are the Girnar Rock Edicts of Ashoka, the third and most powerful king of the Mauryan dynasty. He was the grandson of the king Caana. The UN Security Council commanded its commission on Kashmir to examine the conflict over Junagadh.